| Bail, 89 Bailyn, Bernard, 4, 8, 83n Banfield, Edward C., 137, 151?54 Bangla Desh, 269 Bank credit, business cycle and, 185?93 Bank demand deposits ('checkbook money"), 179?83 Banks (banking system), 77; business cycles and, 184; fractional reserve, 178?85. See also Federal Reserve System Barnard, Henry, 125 Baron Report, The, 319?20 Baruch, Bernard, 279 Bateman, Newton, 125?26 Beard, Charles A., 281 Benton, Thomas Hart, 7 Berlin, University of, 60 Big Business, 309?10 Big Government, in nineteenth-century, 10 Bill of Rights, 65 Birth control, 107 Bismarck, Otto von, 10, 18 Black, Charles, 65?67 Black communities, police in, 205 Black, Hugo, 94 Bourne, Randolph, 277?78 Boycott, 96, 224 Brehm, C. T., I45n Brehons, 232?33 Bright, John, 264 Broadcast media. See Radio; Television Brothels, 106 Brozen, Yale, 158n, 159, 163, 167 Bubb, Frank, 258 Buchanan, James, 140 Buckley, William F., Jr., 293?94 Burchard, Hank, 210n Bureaucracy, 15, 126?27 Bundy, McGeorge, 59 Burnham, James, 54, 55 Business cycle, 183?93; Austrian (Misesian or monetary-overinvestment) theory of, 187?93; recurrence of, 186, 190?91; Ricardian theory of, 185?87 Businessmen: receptivity to libertarian ideas, 310, 312; small, 352 Bussing for racial integration, 131?32 Butler, Maj. Gen. Smedley D., 291?92 Calhoun, John C., 48, 52?53, 67 Calvin, John, 123 Carnegie, Andrew, 249 Cartels, 10, 11, 279 Carter, Jimmy, 319 Capitalism, liberal complaints against, 242?44. See also Free-market economy Catholics, 125; abortion and, 107?8 See also Schools?parochial "Cato's Letters" (Trenchard and Gordon), 4 Central planning, 199; failure of, 316 Cigarettes, ban on advertising of, 112 Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), 159, 256 Civil liberties, 23 Civil obedience, 54 Civil War, 8, 278?9 Charity Organisation Society, 147, 155-56 Checks and balances, system of, 235?36 China, 272 286, 289; ancient, 56 Chodorov, Frank, 39 Christy, Francis T., Jr., 254 Church: divine tight of kings and, 64; separation of State and, 3, 5, 11; union of State and, 55 Class, social: taxation and, 52?53. See also Lower-class culture; Upper-class culture Class action suits, air pollution and, 258, 260 Classical liberals, 2, 6, 8,12?19, 315; decay of, 14?19; socialism and, 13?14 Club of Rome Report, 246?48 Cobden, Richard, 264 Coerced testimony, 86?87 Coercion, taxation and, 25?26, 47 Cohen, Stephen F., 288 Colby, William, 288?89 Cold War, 275?76 Collective security, 267?68 Colleges: accreditation of, 139; subsidization of, 138, 140; trustee-run, 139?40 Colonial America, 3?6 Common law, 228?30, 257, 258 Communism (Communist movement): Cold War and, 275?76; right of self-ownership and, 29; schisms in, 287. See also Marxism-Leninism Connecticut, 123 Conquest, origin of the State by, 63?64 Conscription, as involuntary servitude, 23?25, 79?81 Conservation of resources, 247?54 Conservatism (Conservatives): military-industrial complex and, 279?80; nineteenth-century,9?12;pornography and, 103?105; receptivity to libertarian ideas, 309; socialism and, 13; tax cuts and, 306; welfare system criticized by, 154?55 Conspiracy theory of history, 57 Constitution, U.S., 48 Constitutions, written, 48?49 Consumer demand, money supply and, 175 Consumption/investment (or savings), business cycle and, 187?93 Contempt of court, 89 Contraception, 107 Corporate State, 10 Courts: air pollution and, 257?59; in ancient Ireland, 231?33; appeal, 226?27; broadcast media and, 101-102; common law, 228?30; enforcement of decisions of, in a libertarian society, 225; legal code and, in a libertarian society, 227?34; in a libertarian society, 222?34; private arbitration as alternative to, 223?25; venal and biased, 234?36. Sec also Judicial system Credit expansion. See Bank credit Crime, 41, 318; in New York City, 197, 201?202, 204, 205; society and, 38?39; in the streets, 74 (see also Streets?police protection of); victimless, 23, 105, 113. See also Judicial system; Juvenile delinquency; Police Criminals: imprisonment of, 87?89; punishment of, 87?88; restitution to victim by, 45?46, 88; wiretapping of suspected, 108?109 Crisis situations, 312?13; in the United States, 317 Crocker, Thomas D., 262n Crowther Committee, 137 Cuba, 272 Culture, public welfare and, 151?54 Cycles, business. See Business cycles Dales, J. H., 262n Day-care centers, 156?57 Death rates, lower-class, 152 Declaration of Independence, 3 Defense, national, 237?41 De Jouvenel, Bertrand, 56, 64 Demand deposits ("checkbook money"),179-83 Democracy, 13; parliamentary, 64 Democratic party, 6, 7; as classical liberal party, 18; 1844 presidential nomination and, 7?8 Demonstrations, 96?97 Depression, 185, 186; in Austrian (Misesian) theory, 189?93. See also Great Depression; Recession Destatization, plans for, 306?307 DeVany, A., 103n Devletoglou, Nicos E., 140 Diem, Ngo Dinh, 273 Disarmament, 292?94 Discrimination, 206?207 Divine right of kings, 59?64 Doenecke, Justus D., 274n Doeringer, Peter, 153 Dolan, Edwin G., 255?56 Donahue, Charles, 233n Dos Passos, John, 281?82 Drugs, 111?12 Dyckman, John, 210 Eastern Europe, 316; Soviet policy toward, 285?87 Economic determinism, 57, 58 Economic growth, liberal attacks on, 243?47 Economics: Austrian School of, 173?74, 187?93; free-market, 16; Keynesian (see Keynesian economics) Economy: classical liberalism and, 2?3; free market, 24, 39?42 Education, 12, 76?77,119?41; formal schooling confused with, 120?21; higher, 133, 138?41; libertarian movement and, 297?99, 308?309; "right" to, 134. See also Schools Emotivists, 26 Empire, classical liberals and, 17?18. See also Imperialism Energy, 249 England: Norman conquest of, 64; private arbitration in, 224; private roads in 213 English Revolution, 2, 3 Ennis, Bruce, 91?92 Equality, 42; socialism and, 13 "Essex Junto," 129 Ethnic minorities, public schools and, 124?25 Evolutionism (social Darwinism), 16?17 Excise taxes, 86, 160 Farm price supports, 158 Fear instilled by State, 57 Federal Bureau of Reclamation, 159 Federal Communication Commission (FCC), 98, 99, 102, 103 Federal Housing Administration, 159 Federalist party, 6, 7 Federal Radio Commission (FRC), 102, 103 Federal Reserve Notes, 179, 182 Federal Reserve System, 179?85; money supply and, 179?83; reserve requirements of, 180 Feudalism, 5 Fifth Amendment, income tax and, 86 Finland, 285, 287 Fishing, 253?54 Flynn, John T., 280?81 Forced labor. See Involuntary servitude Foreign intervention, 263, 264 Foreign policy, 74; American, 270?77; avoiding a priori history and, 289?91; Cold War, 275?76; "collective security" concept and, 267?68; German, 284?86; libertarian, 291?92; limiting government in, 264?70; Soviet, 282?89. See also Imperialism; Isolationism; War Forest Service, 250 Forests, 250 France, 273, 286 Free contract, 24 Freedom: libertarian definition of, 41; for prostitution, 106?107 Freedom of radio and television, 98?103 Freedom of speech: incitement to riot and, 95; libel and slander and, 95?96; picketing and demonstration and, 96?97; property rights and, 43?44, 69, 94, 97; shouting "fire" in a crowded theatre and, 43?44 Freedom of the press: property rights and, 42, 43, 69; radio and television and, 98, 99; scholastic freedom and, 129 Free exchange, 39?42 Free market, in services and goods currently supplied by government, 194?200 Free-market capitalism, liberal intellectuals' complaints against, 242-44 Free-market economy, 24, 39?42; business cycle and, 184?85 Friedman, Milton, 27, 260?61; "voucher plan" of, 135 Future orientation, welfare system and, 151?54 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 78, 243 Gambling, 109?11 Garrett, Garet, 276?77 Garrison, William Lloyd, 15, 302?303 Gasoline tax, 209 George, Henry, 34 Georgists, 34, 35 Germany, 18; compulsory education in, 122? 23; foreign policy of, 284?86 Gold standard, 176?77, 182, 183 Goodman, Paul, 120?122 Good Samaritans, 118 Gordon, Thomas, 4 Gould, Stephen Jay, 17n Gouldner, Alvin, 153?54 Government: American Revolution and, 6; "Cato's Letters" on, 4; classes created by, 52?53; distinguished from other institutions, 46?47; Jeffersonian and Jacksonian views of, 7; just owner of property as defined by, 30?31; limitations on powers of, 48?49; public schools and, 126?28; services and operations performed by, 194?200. See also Bureaucracy; State, the; and specific agencies, bureaus, and departments Government bonds, 181, 182 Government contracts, 158, 280 Government expenditures, 171, 280, 281; drastic reduction in, 164 Government securities, 181, 182 Gradualism, 16, 17, 299?305 Grasslands, destruction of, 251?52 Great Britain, 316; classical liberal movement in, 2?3. See also England Great Depression, 173, 192 Greece, 286 Green, Arnold W., 38?39 Guaranteed annual income, 167?70 Guerrilla warfare, 269?70 Guilt, the State's use of, 58 Gun laws, 114?18 Habit, 55?56 Hamowy, Ronald, 293?94 Hansen, W. Lee, 138 Harper, F. A., 163 Harrington, Michael, 243 Harrison, Gen. William Henry, 7 Harvard study on handguns, 177 Hayek, Friedrich A., 173, 300?301 Hays, Samuel P., 251?52 Hazlitt, Henry, 143n, 169n Henry, Patrick, 83 Higginson, Stephen, 129 Highway program, 208?10 Highways, pricing, 208, 214 Hill, James J. 249?50 Historical determinism, 57 History, conspiracy theory of, 57, Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 43 Homesteaders, 34 Homesteading: destruction of grasslands and, 251; property rights in airwaves, 101, 102 Hoopes, Townsend, 61 Hoover, Herbert C., 101, 279 Horwitz, Morton J., 257 Housing: discrimination in, 206?207; urban, 76 Huber, Ernst, 61 Human nature, 28 Human rights, property rights and, 42?44 Hume, David, 53 Immunity laws, 87 Imperialism: classical liberals and, 17?19; defined, 273?74; United States', 270?77 Imprisonment, 87?89 Income, guaranteed annual, 167?70 Income distribution, inequality in, 163 Income redistribution: higher education and, 138; welfare state and, 157?62 Income taxes, 73; colleges and, 139; negative, 167?70; as regressive, 159?60; withholding, 85?86 Indeterminate Sentencing, 92?93 Individual: deprecated by the State, 56?57; society and, 37?39 Industrial Revolution, 9, 314 Industrialism, 9?10, 12?13 Infant mortality, 152 Inflation, 77; explanations of, 174?75; money supply and, 175?83. See also Business cycle Inflationary recession ("stagflation"), 77, 172?73, 174n; Austrian theory of business cycle and, 191?92 Inheritance, 41 Institute for Policy Studies, 166?67 Insurance company detectives, 217?18 Integration, school, 131?32 Intellectuals: as apologists for the state, 25; national security, 59?62; nineteenth-century statist conservatism and, 11?12; the State and, 54?69 Interest rate, business cycle and, 187?89 International affairs. See Foreign policy; Imperialism; War Involuntary servitude, 79?93; in the army, 81?83; compulsory commitment of mental patients as, 90?93, 318; conscription as, 79?81; in judicial and penal systems, 86?90; taxation as, 85?86. See also Slavery Ireland, ancient (Celtic), 64, 231?33, 240 Irish immigrants, 152 Irrationality, 11?12 Isolationism, 263?65, 275?77, 291 Italy, 286 Jackson, Andrew, 7, 8 Jackson, Jonathan, 129 Jacksonian libertarians, 7 Jacobs, Norman, 56 Jarvis-Gann initiative, 73 Jefferson, Thomas, 7 Jeffersonian movement, 6?7 Judges: common law, 228?30; Roman, 230; selection and appointment of, 222?23, 230; venal and biased, 234?36 Judicial review, 65?67 Judicial system; in ancient Ireland, 231?33; involuntary-servitude aspects of, 86?90; in libertarian society, 222?34. See also Courts; Trial Jury duty, compulsory, 89?90 Juvenile delinquency, public schooling and, 137 Kates, Don B., Jr., 115?18 Kellems, Vivien, 85?86 Kelsen, Hans, 51 Kennan, George F., 60 Kennedy, Joseph P., 275?76 Kenyon, Cecilia, 77 Keynes, Sir John M., 171n, 173, 315?16 Keynesian economics, 171, 280; business cycle and, 192, 193 King, in ancient Ireland, 232 Knapp Commission, 112 Korean War, 59?60, 274?76 Kristol, Irving, 146 Ku Klux Klan, 126 Labor force, public schools and training of 136?37 Labor unions: anti-strike laws and, 83?85; public schooling and, 137; strikes by, 76 Laissez-faire liberals, 12?16, 26?27; pollution and, 261?62 Land, property rights in, 33?36 Lao-tse, 62?63 Latin America, 63?64 Law: in ancient Ireland, 231?33; common, 228?30, 257, 258; Roman, 230 Legal code, in a libertarian society, 227?34 Legitimacy, 237; judiciary and, 65?67 Lenin, V. I., 283, 284, 313n Leoni, Bruno, 229?30 Levasseur, Emile, 37n Lewis, Samuel, 125 Libel, 95?96 Liberal Imperialism, 18 Liberal intellectuals, complaints of, 242?44 Liberals (liberal movement), 309?10; classical (see Classical liberals); laissez?faire, 12?16, 26?27; pornography and, 103?105 Libertarianism (libertarian movement), 1, 2; of American Revolution, 4?6; contradictions in rhetoric and, 307?308; education and, 297?99, 308?309; groups receptive to, 309?13; left utopianism and, 303?304; "left wing sectarianism" and, 299, 305?306; media and, 311; Middle America and, 311?12; prospects of, 313?20; "right-wing opportunists" and, 299?300, 305?306; society from point of view of, 37?39; transitional demands of, 305?306; as "utopian" or realistic, 299?308; youth and, 311. See also specific topics Libertarian party, 1, 108, 306, 319?20; declaration of strategy by, 307 Libertarian theory, 297?99 Licensing, 165; of radio stations, 101?103 Liggio, Leonard, 274 Locke, John, 3; on property rights, 31?33, 36 Lower-class culture, public welfare and, 151?54 Luther, Martin, 122 McCone Commission, 145 McDermott, John, 122 Mackay, Thomas, 155 Macrae, Norman, 246 Maiken, Peter, 262n Mann, Horace, 125 Marjorie Webster Junior College, 139 Marx, Karl, 237 Marxism-Leninism, 283 Massachusetts Bay Colony, 123 Matthew, Thomas, 165?66 Media, libertarian movement and, 311 Medical care, urban poor's attitudes and values and, 151?52 Meiburg, Charles O., 210n Melman, Seymour, 280n Mencken, H. L., 7, 56?57, 89n Mental patients, compulsory commitment of, 90?93, 318 Mercantilism, 2, 6 Merchants' courts, private, 224 Michels, Robert, 50 Militarism, 280, 281; classical liberals and, 17?18 Military-industrial complex, 74?75; 279?80 Miller, Roger LeRoy, 253?54 MIND, 137 Minh, Ho Chi, 273 Minimum wage laws, 158 Minorities, public schools and, 124?25 Mises, Ludwig von, 124?25, 173, 174n, 315 Molinari, Gustave de, 219 Money, "checkbook." See Demand deposits Money supply: business cycle and, 185, 191?93; inflation and, 175?83; Federal Reserve System and, 179?83. See also Bank credit; Bank demand deposits Monopolies, government services as, 196,199 Moon, Parker T., 38 Morgenstern, George, 275 Mormon Church, welfare plan of, 148?151, 154 Mowat, 155 Murphey, Archibald D., 124 Narcotics, 111?12 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 245n National defense, 237?41 National Industrial Recovery Act (1933), 84 National Recovery Administration, 281 National security intellectuals, 59?62 Nationalism, 58 Natural law, 27?28 Natural rights, 15?16; free-market economy and, 40; justice in property rights and, 30?31; libertarian creed based on, 26?28; property rights based on, 31?37; self-ownership right and, 28?30 Needham, Joseph, 61 NEGRO, 165?66 Neustadt, Richard, 61 Neutrality, 291; laws of, 266 New Deal, 67, 280?82 "New Left" revisionist historians, 274 "New Light" movement, 123 New York City, 74, 75, 106, 143, 145, 317; crime in, 197, 201?202, 204, 215; off-track betting in, 110; police corruption in, 112, 113; water shortages in, 197 New York City Transit Authority, 198?99 Nixon, Richard, 6, 168, 169, 271 Nock, Albert Jay, 51, 121?22, 278 Noel-Baker, Philip, 292n Noise pollution, 258 Nonaggression axiom, 23?26 Norris-LaGuardia Act (1933), 84 North, Douglass C., 253?54 Northside, Brooklyn, 151 North Vietnam, 273 Nuclear disarmament, 292?94 Ocean resources, 252?54 Oglesby, Carl, 274n O'Gorman, Ned, 157 Oligarchic rule 50 Open market purchases, 180?81 Open range, 251?52 Oppenheimer, Franz, 50, 63n Oregon, 126 Paasikivi, Julio, 287 Pacifists, 46, 270 Pakistan, 269 Parking, pricing, 211 Parliamentary democracy, 64 Participatory communalism, 29 Passell, P., 246, 248?49 Paterson, Isabel, 130?31, 163?64 Patriotism, 58 Peaceful coexistence, 265; as Soviet policy, 283-84 Peddling, Street, 165 Peden, Joseph, R., 231?33 Philanthropist, capitalist compared to, 163?64 Picketing, 96?97 Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 126 Piore, Michael J., 153 Poland, 284 Police: in black communities, 205; brutality, 202; corruption, 112?14; railway, 205; wiretapping by, 108?9 Police forces: clashes between, 220?22; outlaw, in a libertarian society, 236?37 Police protection, in private (free-market) economy, 201?205, 215?22 Pollution, 254, 262; air, 75, 256?62; of rivers 75, 255?56 Poole, Robert, Jr., 260 Poor, the: best ways for government to help, 162?67; government services and, 195?96; income redistribution and, 157?62; police protection for, in a free-market economy, 219?20; taxation system and, 159?62. See also Welfare System Population growth, welfare system and, 156 Pornography, 103?105 Postal Service, 76 Postal Service, U.S., 76, 158?59, 198?99 Poverty, liberal worry about, 243 Power: "Cato's Letters" on, 4; libertarian movement and, 308?9 Power shortages and blackouts, 75 Present-orientation, welfare system and, 151?54 President, Watergate and, 77, 78 Prices: money supply and, 175?76; supply demand relationship and, 176. See also Inflation Primitive man, 252 Progressives, 12 Property rights, 23?24, 26?37; in airwaves, 98?103; freedom of speech and, 94, 97; human rights and, 42?44; justice in, 30?31; in land, 33?36; libertarian theory of, summary of, 36?37, 68?69; Locke on, 31?33, 36; in material objects, 31?33, 68; natural-rights position on, 31?37; of producers, 31?33, 36?37, 68; self-ownership, 28?32 Property taxes, 73, 76, 160 Property titles: natural rights position on, 31?37; utilitarian position on, 30 Prostitution, freedom for, 106?7 Protection, 68. See also Police protection Protectionism, 10 Public schools (public school system), 12, 76?77, 318; in colonial America, 123?24; compulsory attendance at, 119?26, 137; ethnic and linguistic minorities and, 124?25; geographical districts of, 131?33; in Germany, 122?23; integration of, 131?32; juvenile delinquency and, 137; nineteenth-century conservatism and statism and, 11?12; parental control of, 132; residential segregation and, 132?33; subsidization of, 133?34; totalitarian nature of compulsory, 130?31; training of labor force and, 136?37; uniformity versus diversity and, 126?33. See also Education Public sector, 194?200; abolition of, 200. See also Government Publishing industry, 128?29 Quakers, 123 Radical libertarianism of American Revolution, 4?6 Radicalism, 16; classical liberals and, 14, 16 See also Abolitionism Radicals, 9, 12, 26 Radio: freedom of, 98?103; licensing of, 101?103 Radio Act of 1927, 98 Radosh, Ronald, 274n Railroads, 75, 204, 205, 208 Railway police, 205 Rand, Ayn, 309 Range lands, public-domain, 251?52 Rape, 105?106 Raskin, Marcus, 61?62 Raw materials, conservation of, 247?54 Read, Herbert, 130 Read, Leonard E., 302?303 Reason, 12, 13 Recession: inflationary (see Inflationary recession) 1958, 172; 1966?1971, 172; Ricardian theory of business cycle and, 185, 186. See also Depression Rediscount rate, 180 Redlich, Fritz, 312n Reformers, 16. See also Gradualism Religion (see also Church): Chinese, 56 Resources, conservation of, 247?54 Rhode Island, 124 Ricardo, David, 185?87 Rights: air pollution and, 261?62; to education, 134; human, 42?44; natural, 3, 15?16; property (see Property rights); to self-ownership, 28?32; of Society, 37 Riot, incitement to, 95 River pollution, 75, 255?56 Roads: pricing streets and, 208?14; private, in England and the United States, 213?14 Roberts, M., 246, 248?49 Rogers, A. J., III, 262n Roman Catholic Church, 62. See also Catholics Roosevelt, Franklin D., 271?73 Roosevelt, Theodore, 249 Rosenblatt, Daniel, 151?52 Ross, L., 246, 248?49 Rothbard, Murray N., 174n, 185n, 275n, 278n, 314n Rural Electrification Administration, 159 Russia: World War I and, 284. See also Soviet Union Russian Jewish immigrants, 152 Sales taxes, 86, 160 SALT agreements, 292, 293 Saving, T. R., 145n Scarcity of resources, 244 Schafer, Stephen, 88 Schools: Friedman's "voucher plan" and 135; parochial, 125, 126; private, 126, 133, 135, 136; public (see Public schools) Schumpeter, Joseph, 51, 244 Science, 12, 13. See also Technology Scientists, 13. See also Technocrats Self-ownership, right to, 28?32 Sentencing, indeterminate, 92?93 Sex laws, 105?108 Shaull, Richard, 274n Shaw-Cardozo ghetto, 167 Silver standard, 176?77 Slander, 95?96 Slavery, 8; abolition of, 15; conscription as, 23?25. See also Involuntary servitude Small Business Administration, 166 Smith, Adam, 40 Smith, J. Allen, 66n Social Darwinism (or evolutionism), 16?17 Socialism, 199, 300; failure of, 316; freedom of the press and, 99; liberals' demands for, 242?44; nineteenth-century, 12?14. See also Communism Social Security system, 317?18 Social Security tax, 160 Social workers, 146,154 Society, individual and, 37?39 South Vietnam, 273 Soviet Union: disarmament and, 292?94; foreign policy of, 282?89 Spanish-American War, 270, 271, 275 Spencer, Herbert, 16, 17, 130, 315 Spooner, Lysander, 51?52 Stagflation. See Inflationary recession Stalin, Joseph, 285, 286 State: as aggressor, 45?54; civil obedience to, 54?56; classical liberals and, 2?3, 4, 14?15; corporate, 10; demystification and desanctification of, 25; failure of statism, 315?16; guilt as used by, 58; inevitability of rule of, 57, 59; intellectuals and, 54?69; intellectuals' need for, 60; judicial review and, 65?67; heterodox views and, 56?57; limitations on power of, 65?66; majority support for or acceptance of, 53?56, 65; money supply controlled by, 177?78; oligarchic rule of, 50; origin of, 63?64; parasitic nature of, 50; as robber group, 51?52; separation of Church and, 3, 5, 11; socialism and, 13; union of Church and, 55; violence as monopoly of, 47?48; war as health of, 277?82. See also Government State-less society, 68 Statism (nineteenth century), 10?12, 14 Stinchcombe, Arthur, 136?37 Stobierski, Rudolph J., 151 Stone, Lawrence, 313 Storefront, The, 157 Stowes, Calvin, 125 Streets: crime in the, 74; police protection of, in private economy, 201?205; pricing roads and, 208?14; private ownership of, 202?203; rules for use of, 206?208. See also Traffic congestion Strikes, 76; laws against, 83?85 Subpoena power, 87 Suburbs, public schools in, 132?33 Subways, 75 Sumner, William Graham, 16, 17, 263?64 Supreme Court, U.S., 48, 65?67 Supreme courts: absence of, in a libertarian society, 226, 227, 229 Synthetic materials, 249 Szasz, Thomas S., 90?92, 318 Taft-Hartley Act, 83, 84 Taft, Robert A., 59?60 Tallack, William, 88 Taxation, 7, 24, 63; abolition or drastic reduction of, 163, 306; classes and, 52?53; classical liberals and, 3; coercion and, 25?26, 47; excessive, 73?74; government operations and services and, 198; higher education and, 138; as involuntary servitude, 85?86; opportunistic strategy in, 305?8; the poor and, 159?62; as robbery, 51?52; state and local, 160; welfare state and, 157?62. See also specific types of taxes Tax-consumers, class of, 53, 54 Tax Foundation, 162 Tax-payers, class of, 52?54 Tax rebellions, 317 Technocrats, 12, 13 Technology: antipollution, 259?60; liberal attack on, 245?47 Telephone service, 75 Television, 76; freedom of, 98?103; pay-, 99?100; violence on, 104 Tennessee Valley Authority, 159 Terborgh, George, 243 Testimony, coerced, 86?87 Thirteenth Amendment, 87 Tibet, 289n Timber resources, 250 Time preferences, 187?89 Tradition, 11?12; power of, 55?56 Traffic congestion, 74, 197 Traffic rules for private streets, 207?208 Training of labor force, public schools and, 136?37 Transportation crisis, 75 Trenchard, John, 4 Trial: compelled attendance at one's, 87; incarceration before, 88?89; right to speedy, 88?89 Tribune Co. v. Oak Leaves Broadcasting Station, 102 True Whigs, 3, 4 Turnpike network, nineteenth-century, 213?14 Ukraine, 284 Unemployment, 242, 243; lower-class, 153?54; minimum wage laws and, 158 Unions, strikes by, 76. See also Labor unions United States: breakdown of mystique of the State in, 318?19; crisis situations in 317; disarmament and, 292?94; foreign policy of, 270?77, 291?92; libertarianism as fulfillment of history of, 320?21; libertarian movement's prospects in, 316?20; war and power of the State in, 278?82. See also Colonial America; and specific topics Upper-class culture, welfare and, 151?54 Urban fiscal crisis 74, 317 Urban housing, 76 Urban renewal programs, 158 Utilitarianism, 15?16; conscription and, 80; free-market economy and, 40; libertarian creed and, 26?27; property titles and, 30 Van Buren, Martin, 7, 8 Veale, F. J. P., 266?67 Vickrey, William, 209, 212 Viet Cong 273 Viet Minh, 273 Vietnam War, 74, 272?73, 318 Violence on television, 104 Wage, minimum, 158 Wagner Act (1935), 84 Walters, A. A., 211?12 War, 10, 23; ancient Ireland and, 233; classical liberals and, 9?11, 14, 17?18; guerrilla (revolutionary), 269?70; as health of the State, 277?82; laws of, 266; libertarian position on, 265?66 See also specific wars Warner, H. P., 102 War of 1812, 278 War on Poverty, 146, 243 Watergate scandal, 77?78, 318?19 Water pollution. See Pollution, of rivers Water shortages, 75; in New York City, 197 Weed, Thurlow, 7 Weisbrod, Burton A., 138 Welfare Plan, Mormon Church, 148?51, 154 Welfare state, tax system and, 157?62 Welfare system, 76; conservative criticism of, 154?55; crisis in, 142?48; cultural and moral values and, 151?54; demoralizing effect of, 154, 156; incentives/disincentives for going on, 144?48; self-help discouraged by, 156 West, E. G., 129?31 West Germany, 316 Western Europe, origin of the State in, 53? 64 Whig Settlement, 3 Williams, William Appleman, 274, 279 Wilson, Margaret Bush, 245n Wilson, Woodrow, 271, 272, 289 Wiretapping, 108?109 Wisconsin, University of, 117 Witnesses coerced to testify, 86?87 Wittfogel, Karl, 61 Wolowski, Leon, 37n Woolridge, William C., 205n, 224 Workers, in nineteenth century, 10 World War I, 271, 279; Russia and, 284 World War II, 280?82, 285?86 Yugoslavia, 286, 288 Young, Owen D., 224 Youth, libertarian movement and, 311 Zoning laws, 158 |